What is Epididymo Orchitis?

Also known as epididymitis, is the swelling of the epididymis (the tube behind the testicles) which is caused by an infection, meaning only people with male genitals can get epididymitis. 

What causes epididymitis?

Usually, it is caused by an STI such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea if you are under the age of 35. If you are over 35, the main cause is usually a UTI.

Symptoms

Symptoms are generally the same as the infection that caused it, such as discharge from the penis, or pain or difficulty urinating (weeing). Other symptoms include: 

  • Sudden or gradual pain in one or both testicles 

  • Tender scrotum (bag of skin containing testicles) which may feel warm or become swollen  

  • Fluid build-up around the testicle which may feel like a lump or swelling 

If you get sudden, unbearable pain in your testicles or abdomen (stomach), call 999 or go to your nearest A&E department as this could be caused by your testicle being twisted (testicular torsion) which requires immediate medical attention. 

Prevention and protection

As epididymitis is usually caused by an STI, prevention methods include: 

  • Use Condoms: Consistently using condoms during sex can significantly reduce the risk of STIs. 

  • Get Regular Screenings: Regular STI screenings are crucial, especially if you have multiple partners. 

  • Communicate with Partners: Open and honest communication with sexual partners about STI testing and protection is essential. 

Treatment 

Treatment is usually a short course of antibiotics which may be tablets, an injection, or a combination of both. You may start to feel better within a few days, but it is important to complete the course as it can take up to 3 months to recover. 

If you still have symptoms after 3 months, you may be referred for further testing. 

Where to get help in Bexley

If you have any pain, swelling, or lumps in your testicles, it is recommended that you see your GP. You can also visit your local sexual health clinic. 

What happens at your appointment?

A doctor or nurse will ask you about your recent sexual history and any symptoms you are experiencing. They will examine your testicles and groin for any lumps, pain, or swelling. A swab sample of your urethra may be taken, along with a urine and blood test for STIs. You may also have a rectal exam to check your prostate.  

If you test positive for an STI, your recent sexual partner(s) will need to be informed so they can be treated too.  

Complications of epididymitis

Complications are uncommon as most people recover fully after treatment, however possible complications include: 

  • Abscesses (collection of pus) in the scrotum 

  • Ongoing pain or swelling of the testicles (usually settles within 3 months) 

  • Reduced fertility in the affected testicle(s) 

  • Chronic inflammation of the testicles  

  • (Rarely) damage to the testicle causing dead tissue which can result in the testicle being surgically removed 

Other STIs